二 |     Last week, Gallup, which has been measuring the audiences' confidence in newspapers since 1973 and television news since 1993, presented the results of its latest poll on the confidence in US news media, showing that only 11% have a great deal/quite a lot of confidence in TV news, while 16% have the same degree of confidence in newspapers.,"The lack of trust in media goes along with the decline in trust in other institutions, including government. People have been told for years that they can't trust institutions, and now, thanks to media deregulation (which paved the way for partisan channels and websites), numerous sources can regularly tell their audience that only OUR channel can be trusted but everyone else's is just filled with lies," Donna Halper, a professor of communication and media studies at Lesley University, said.,She compared the current situation with the periods of polarization during the Vietnam war and the Watergate scandal when despite profound political disagreements people still were receiving information from the same sources. This, however, was changed by the arrival of cable TV and the end of the so-called Fairness Doctrines, which required balanced reporting on contentious issues with different points of view presented.,"The news was still the news, and there were still honest and hardworking news reporters. But now, there were opinion shows, filled with commentators who could distort the facts to suit the partisan audience. As a result, millions of folks were exposed to only one side of the story. Partisan media flourished, leading to Fox News on cable, and then, a few fledgling efforts on the left to put in some talk shows that expressed their side," Halper stated.,Her sentiment was echoed by Kirby Goidel, a political science professor at Texas A&M University, who noted that Fox News used the claim that traditional media outlets are biased against conservatives as a marketing strategy to build an audience. According to the expert, despite the network's insistence on being fair and balanced, it was "a conservative counter-balance to what was perceived as liberal media.","Polarization adds to this as - primarily conservative candidates and causes - have claimed leading media organizations are biased against them. This is typically a political strategy aimed at minimizing the effects of bad news but - heard often enough - it has consequences for media trust," Goidel explained, adding that while such rhetoric can be found on the other end of the political spectrum as well but has been much common on the right than on the left.,He concluded by noting that when survey respondents are asked whether they trust the news sources they consume they are usually more trusting. In light of that, to obtain more meaningful data people should be asked about confidence in particular news outlets and then determine whether a news outlet is distrusted by those who do not belong to its audience.。

三 | 根据研究，在新冠疫情期间，数百万人因各种原因离开了劳动力市场，包括退休、缺乏儿童保育和对新冠疫情的恐惧等。8月份劳动力总规模达到1.647亿人，首次超过2020年2月疫情前水平。但该研究作者、斯坦福经济学家戈皮·沙·戈达以及麻省理工学院经济学家埃文·J·索尔塔斯表示，如果没有疫情影响，劳动力总人数预计将增加50万人。若美国持续保持当下新冠感染水平，预计将损失更多劳动力。部分经济学家认为，美国劳动力的缓慢复苏以及对工人的高需求是美国经济面临的主要挑战之一，这限制了雇主提供商品和服务的能力，并加剧了价格压力。专家称，解决这种不平衡对于降低高通胀至关重要。（总台记者 张颖哲）返回搜狐，查看更多责任编辑：